greycard

Changelog

What's new in greycard

What shipped, under the version it shipped in, newest first. An item moves here from docs/roadmap.md when it lands, with its notes section and its date; the reasoning stays in docs/notes.md. The release workflow puts a version's section into the GitHub release. Everything before the first release is under its own heading at the end, in the same one-line-an-item form; 0.1.0's own section is the note a first tester reads.

0.2.0

2026-09-27

The second release. The library arrived: folders added as roots and indexed, browsed across roots with filter chips, imported from a card, and read without freezing the window when a root is on a network drive. Culling got its keys answered on the picture. A button fits the camera's own look from its JPEGs. Masks gained a learned Sky. And the editor now says when a newer release is out. Read the guide for testers for installing on each system, the keys, and how to report a problem.

  • A library root on a network drive no longer freezes the editor while it is walked: the list, the new frames' sidecars and their rows are read off the window's thread, and a burst of passes is one read. A root that stops answering shows as offline within 3 s and no longer stops the list of the other roots; the indexer itself still waits on it, so nothing new is indexed until it answers (§187, 2026-09-27).
  • The user guide says where a camera profile comes from (Adobe's folders, RawTherapee's set, a chart shot) and that the embedded matrix is what most people need (2026-09-27).
  • Check for a newer release at launch, at most once a day, and offer it in the left pane; a switch and Check now in Settings, which now scrolls on a short window (§186, 2026-09-27).
  • The Windows package and the Mac bundle have now been installed and run by testers, which closes the 0.1.0 line that named them as the parts not verified by running them (2026-09-27).
  • A library root can have a name of its own ("Archive" for a folder called Photos), set from its chip's right-click menu and shown in place of the folder's name; the folder is not renamed or moved. Escape closes the name sheet and the preset sheet from their fields (§185, 2026-09-27).
  • The Develop, Crop, Masks and Retouch tab bar stays at the top of the panel while the sections under it scroll (§184, 2026-09-27).
  • A half-copied ARW (and a CR3, once rawler stops panicking on one) is refused with the half-copied message instead of opening as a picture blank below the copied part (§182, 2026-09-27).
  • Culling shows the frame's stars, flag and label on the picture, on the loupe and on each compare tile, and a word for each key pressed ("3 stars", "Rejected") and for each undo and redo that fades on its own and is not wiped by the arrow; both with Tab on. A held culling key is one press (§183, 2026-09-27).
  • Move on after a rating, flag or label: a switch in the CULLING section, off by default, kept in the settings (§183, 2026-09-27).
  • Fit this camera's look: a button in the Look section surveys the library or the open folder by body and picture style, develops about forty frames a group, lays the camera's own JPEG over each and fits the maker's rendering as a look, written to the look directory under the body's and the style's name; a group under twenty frames borrows the style from another body or is skipped, and an existing table is never replaced without the switch; the picker says where a look was fitted when the open frame is another body, and picture style is a filter facet. The maker's style and adaptive settings join the library index by a migration in place (§180, §181, docs/camera-match.md, 2026-09-26).
  • A right-click menu on a frame in the strip, the grid or the viewport: copy the settings of that frame, paste them onto the selection through the sync sheet's section list, rating, flag and label, reveal in the file manager, export; every item the code of its key. Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V do the copy and paste from the keys, and each pasted frame's history reads "Paste from FILE" (§171, 2026-09-25).
  • Thumbnails are made on a pool of threads of their own instead of one at a time behind the develop: a cold folder of 35 fills the grid in 0.6 s instead of 3.6, and 300 in 4 s instead of 17, the first picture no later; a file no picture can be made of marks its cell "Unreadable", and a --grid --snapshot no longer waits forever on it; a folder listing takes only regular files (§172, 2026-09-25).
  • Import from a card: Ctrl+Shift+I or Import... in the grid's header, a card found under the mount points, a destination with folder and name patterns ({date}, {seq}, {camera}, {name} and the rest, names safe on every file system), a preset laid on each frame as one history step, and a backup copy; every file copied to a temporary, hashed as read, synced, read back and renamed only when the hashes agree, and never a write on the card; a frame already imported is known by its size and its first and last 64 KiB, Verify compares every byte; --import SRC --to DEST runs one headless (§173, 2026-09-25).
  • Roots: folders added to the library, kept in roots.json beside the index; a pass over every root at launch and a watcher on them while the editor runs, so a file copied into a root is in the grid half a second later and a moved frame is found rather than flagged missing; an all-roots view of every file under every root with the filter bar over it, a root's chip narrowing to it, an unplugged root shown offline and left alone; the filter remembered between sessions; rejects moved to a rejects folder in each shoot's own folder; --roots DIR,DIR and --all-roots (§174, 2026-09-25).
  • A Sky mask on the Masks tab: a learned prior (EoMT-S, MIT weights, 96 MB, fetched on first use) finds the sky, a gate refuses a frame with none rather than paint one, SAM 2 draws the outline, and a color-line matte at the frame's full resolution takes the edge through hair and bare branches; clicks add or remove sky. Under a second from click to mask on the GPU at 24 MP. On the 41-frame test set, no false sky on the five frames without one and 31 of 36 skies found; sky through a window, and sky behind dense blossom, are refused or missed (§175, 2026-09-25).
  • Undo on a clone or heal spot takes it away in one step: the source the develop chooses completes the step that placed it instead of recording a second one, and sidecars 0.1.1 wrote heal themselves (#7, §177, 2026-09-25).
  • The Tone curve switch is gone: the base curve always applies to a raw, and the Light section switched off leaves the picture as it opens; masks' tone sliders act whatever the picture's Light says (#9, §177, 2026-09-25).
  • Removing a preset asks first, and Settings restores any default preset that is missing without touching the user's own (#4, §177, 2026-09-25).
  • A linear gradient's end line turns and stretches it about its center; Alt moves just that end, as before (#6, §177, 2026-09-25).
  • A frame turned from the Crop tab turns on screen at once instead of a second or two later, and without a lens profile or defringe the develop at the new turn takes a third of the time (#5, §177, 2026-09-25).
  • The Masks tab sets the chosen shape's controls in a card under the shape list, marks the chosen row, labels Add / Subtract / Intersect as the next shape's, and heads the look sections with the adjustment's name, "ADJUSTMENT 1 · LIGHT" (#10, §177, 2026-09-25).
  • The left pane scrolls instead of growing the window: a long list of snapshots no longer takes the window out of fullscreen on Windows, and a list's bins sit clear of its scrollbar (#2, §177, 2026-09-26).
  • The left pane, the develop panel and the strip put away one at a time: F7, F8 and F6, or the small arrow on each one's edge of the viewport; Tab still puts all three away and brings them back, and what was put away stays put away on the next launch (#3, §178, 2026-09-26).
  • A raw that rawler panics on, such as a CR3 still being copied, fails to open with a reason instead of taking the frame, or on some paths the editor, down with it; one whose end is zeros is called half-copied (§179, 2026-09-26).
  • Ctrl+Z while culling takes back the session's ratings, flags and labels, newest first, going to each frame it changes, and Ctrl+Shift+Z makes them again; it no longer undoes a develop edit or leaves culling (§179, 2026-09-26).

0.1.2

2026-09-25

  • Fix JPEG, PNG and TIFF files opening brighter and more contrasty than the file: they took the 0.8-stop baseline and the display curve meant for a raw. A picture with nothing done to it now looks as it does anywhere else (#1, §152, 2026-09-23).
  • Keep sidecars in a hidden .greycard folder inside the shoot's folder instead of beside each raw, with sidecars_in_folder in the settings or --sidecar-folder for a run. Both places are read whatever the setting says, and a frame's sidecar moves to the chosen place the next time it is saved. Hidden by attribute on Windows; XMPs stay beside the raw (§153, 2026-09-23).
  • A plain cargo test no longer prints ERROR lines from the UI crate's tests: the log module's test had installed a terminal sink for the whole test binary (2026-09-23).
  • app.slint split into one file a panel section under ui/panel/, the window keeping every property and callback so the Rust side is untouched; 4,949 lines down to 1,687, verified by whole-window captures against the previous build and a differential event fuzz, no behavior change (§154, 2026-09-23).
  • Tab hides everything but the photo and brings it back; --hide-panels opens that way for a capture (§155, 2026-09-23).
  • The lens profiles are offered once, unasked, the first time a picture opens with no lens database, with the reason; Not now is remembered and the LENS section keeps its button (§155, 2026-09-23).
  • The PRESETS section moves to the left pane, under the navigator, out of the develop panel's scroll; the presets and history lists give up room when the pane is short of it (§155, 2026-09-23).
  • A Settings sheet (Ctrl+, or the Settings... button) for where sidecars are written and whether XMPs are, with a "move the open frames' sidecars" action that reports what it renamed and what stale copies it removed; --sheet settings and --sheet lenses for captures (§155, 2026-09-23).
  • The release binaries are stripped: greycard-ui 112 MB to 84 MB on Linux, no behavior change (§155, 2026-09-23).
  • Several frames at once in the strip and the grid: Ctrl+click adds one, Shift+click a run, Shift+arrows extend, Escape collapses; the rating, flag, label, reject and turn keys act on the whole set (§156, 2026-09-23).
  • Sync settings: Ctrl+Shift+S or the Sync button lays the chosen sections of the frame on screen over every other selected frame through the preset path, one history step each; the camera profile only onto the body it was made for, Noise bringing the learned denoiser along, masks off by default; the preset and sync sheets in two columns so they fit a 768 px screen (§156, 2026-09-23).
  • Export presets: the export sheet's choices kept by name, picked at the top of the sheet, saved and deleted there, and --export-preset NAME for a headless export; a metadata choice of All, No edit or None (§157, 2026-09-23).
  • A watermark on the export: text in the system's sans-serif or a PNG, at one of nine positions with a margin, a size as a share of the long edge and an opacity, so it lands the same at every export size; never in the viewport; an empty or undrawable mark fails the export rather than letting an unmarked picture out (§157, 2026-09-23).
  • Two range masks on the Masks tab: a Luminance window on the picture's lightness (Oklab L, 100 the sensor's white, the ends open) and a Color window on its hue and chroma in Oklab, each with fades, a dropper that centers the hue on a click and a Skin preset; sampled from the developed picture before the look, so a mask does not move under its own edit; on the CPU and in the viewport shader alike (§158, 2026-09-23).
  • A sidecar carrying a mask shape from a later build now loads with that shape left out and a warning, instead of being refused whole; builds before 0.1.2 still refuse a sidecar with a range mask (§158, 2026-09-23).
  • The Subject and Background masks run on the GPU where WebGPU is available: a rewrite of the BiRefNet lite export, published by greycard under its MIT license, that takes 0.16 s a mask against 2.9 s on the CPU; fetched on first use, the original offered when it cannot be had (§159, 2026-09-23).
  • greycard models --fetch all carries on past a model that fails and reports the failures at the end (§159, 2026-09-23).
  • The library index, greycard-library: a SQLite index of every raw and picture's path, size, content hash, EXIF and sidecar meta, incremental, finding a moved file by hash and leaving an unmounted drive alone; greycard library index DIR and greycard library list 'camera:R6' 'iso>=3200' 'rating>=3' with a filter language that refuses what it cannot answer. Not yet wired into the editor (§160, 2026-09-24).
  • The probe reads the lens, focal length and date, and a JPEG or PNG's EXIF from its head without decoding it (§160, 2026-09-24).
  • A save counter in the sidecar: when a frame has a sidecar both beside it and under .greycard/, the one saved more times wins, and the files' times decide only when a copy carries no count, so a copy tool or a restore cannot make the next save drop an edit (§161, 2026-09-24).
  • A preset click lays the preset over every selected frame, one history step each, the way a sync does; a camera profile in a preset reaches only frames of the body it was made for, the open frame included, and the status says which it left off (§162, 2026-09-24).
  • A preset applied in culling now writes the frame's sidecar; before, the step lived only in memory until the next save (§162, 2026-09-24).
  • A thumbnail cache on disk, keyed by the file's content hash and its time, so a folder reopened, moved or renamed shows its thumbnails at once (the 35 sample files: 4 s to 0.01 s); 300 MB by default, with a cap field and a Clear button in the Settings sheet's new THUMBNAILS row; a thumbnail made while the file was still being copied is never kept (§163, 2026-09-24).
  • The profiled denoiser's wavelet chain runs on planes a block at a time: the 45 MP develop with the hybrid denoise at six threads goes from about 26 s to 12.7 s, the 24 MP from 11.3 to 5.7, output within a 16-bit step of before (§164, 2026-09-24).
  • Faster develop ops, output bit-identical: the lens correction 17 percent and its vignetting four times at four threads, the CFA gains twice and the levels a quarter at one thread, the Gaussian blur, the dehaze, and the RCD demosaic 11 percent from an inlining decision pinned (§165, 2026-09-24).
  • Name a history step by what made it: "Preset: Faded film", "Preset ×3: Faded film" over a set, "Sync from 5M0A3021.CR3", "Snapshot: Before the crop", where the rows read as the list of sections that moved. The words are kept with the step in the sidecar, an older build reads the file as before, and a --preset step is now written on quit (§166, 2026-09-24).
  • Export the frames selected, not only the one on screen: each under its own edit, one at a time on the worker behind the develop, with progress on the status line, a Stop, and a finished line that counts what was skipped or failed. A set never writes over one of its own sources. --export DIR --also ROWS does it from the command line (§167, 2026-09-24).
  • The library index in the editor: the open folder is indexed on a thread of its own and kept up to date as sidecars are saved, and the grid's filter grows chips for camera, lens, ISO, focal length, day and keyword with their counts, a text field that takes the filter language (camera:R6 iso>=3200 rating>=3), and --filter on the command line. The database is greycard/library.sqlite under the platform's data directory, or --library PATH (§168, 2026-09-24).
  • Fix a click with the color range, white balance or defringe dropper zooming the view as well, and a drag with one panning it (§169, 2026-09-24).
  • Drop the color mask's Skin button: a new color window starts at the skin already, and the button only put the sliders back there (§169, 2026-09-24).
  • Offer the GPU Subject model where the store holds the original and it is on record as falling back to the CPU on this card, with the reason on the sheet; an offer accepted mid-session is used at once, and one declined leaves the original working (§169, 2026-09-24).

0.1.1

2026-09-22

  • Fix the macOS package failing at launch with "Library not loaded: liblcms2.2.dylib" on any Mac without Homebrew's little-cms2. lcms2 is now built into the app, and packaging refuses a Mac build that links a library outside the system and the bundle (notes §151).

0.1.0

2026-09-22

The first test build of greycard, a raw editor for Linux, macOS and Windows. It is a pre-release: some things are missing and some are wrong, and the reason it is out is to hear about both. Read the guide for testers before you start; it covers installing on each system, the keys, and how to report a problem.

What you can do with it

  • Open a folder of raws and move through it in a filmstrip, a grid or a single frame, with the camera's own JPEG shown at once and the develop replacing it a moment later.
  • Cull from the camera's JPEG without developing anything: ratings, picks and rejects, color labels, a filter over all of them, compare two or four frames, and move the rejects into a folder of their own.
  • Develop: exposure and tone, a parametric and a point curve, a color mixer, grading, black and white, texture, clarity and dehaze, grain and vignette; white balance and camera profiles; lens corrections from lensfun; demosaicing, highlight reconstruction, chromatic aberration correction, deconvolution sharpening and two denoisers.
  • Mask with gradients, radial shapes and a brush, or let a learned model find the subject or an object; heal, clone and fill.
  • Crop, straighten and correct perspective.
  • Use presets, including Lightroom's, and 3D LUT looks.
  • Export JPEG or TIFF in sRGB, Display P3 or Rec.2020, with the profile and the EXIF embedded.
  • Keep every edit in a .gcd file beside its raw, and share ratings, labels and keywords with Lightroom and darktable through XMP.

Known rough edges

  • The default look and the Highlights, Whites and Shadows sliders are close to Lightroom's but not there yet; that is the next release. Tell us when a frame looks too dark, too flat or wrong in a way you can name.
  • Fujifilm X-Trans bodies and Nikon's High Efficiency raws do not open.
  • On Windows and macOS the display is taken as sRGB unless you choose your monitor's ICC profile by hand.
  • On a Mac, a double-click in the Finder launches greycard without opening the file. The app is not signed, so each system warns once before it first opens; the guide says what to click.
  • The best denoisers take tens of seconds on a large frame.

Report a problem from the button at the foot of the left panel: it fills in the version, your system and your GPU, and shows you the log to attach.

Development history before 0.1.0

Show the full history

  • The file's name, the shot and the scopes stay at the top of the panel while the sections scroll under them, so the histogram is in sight of any slider (§147, 2026-09-22)

  • A short guide for testers, docs/user-guide.md: installing on each system, the basics, culling, the keys, and how to report a problem (2026-09-22)

  • Whites aims at white: +1 makes the tones a stop under the raw's clip white and -1 puts white a stop further out, where since the brighter default it was aiming at a pale grey (§149, 2026-09-22)

  • Highlights pulls about as hard as Lightroom's: -2 is Lightroom's -100, strongest in the bright mid-tones and easing off towards white, where it used to pull the very top twice as hard. Lightroom presets bring their Highlights across at the same scale (§146, 2026-09-22)

  • What the sensor clipped is white: the display curve reaches white at the raw's clip instead of 0.9 of the way there, so a blown sky is white as the camera and Lightroom show it, and the mid-tones do not move (§145, 2026-09-22)

  • Blacks lifts the shadows instead of laying a grey veil over the picture: up to 1.2 stops in the deep shadows, fading out through the mid-tones, where Lightroom's +100 lands. Lowering it is unchanged. Lightroom presets bring their Blacks across at the same scale, and Warm Negative's faded black now comes from its curve (§144, 2026-09-22)

  • The default develop is 0.8 stops brighter, where the camera's JPEG and Lightroom put a picture; the exposure slider at zero is that baseline and moves from it as before, so edits already written come up 0.8 stops brighter too (§141, 2026-09-22)

  • A lens profile measured on a smaller sensor than the camera's no longer darkens the corners it was never measured over: the vignetting is held at its value at the calibration's corner, and the LENS panel and greycard lenses say when that is happening. A full-frame lens on a GFX gets +0.21 EV more at the corner tip (§142, 2026-09-22)

  • Report a problem… at the foot of the left panel opens the bug form in the browser with the version, the OS and its version, and the GPU filled in, and shows the log selected in the file manager beside it, its path written without the account name; the form's fields are now OS and the log rather than a Linux distro and terminal output (§138, 2026-09-22)

  • The grid has its own Open folder button, first in its header, where before only Ctrl+O reached one there; and its background is a dark grey sheet rather than the near-black behind the loupe (§139, 2026-09-22)

  • CI builds and tests on Windows beside Linux and macOS, so a change that breaks the Windows build shows on a push rather than at a tag (§140, 2026-09-22)

  • On Linux the file manager offers greycard for .orf, which the browser has read all along (§140, 2026-09-22)

  • On the Mac the .gcd is a document type of greycard's own with its own icon, and the raw types offer greycard without taking a default; a double-click launches greycard but does not yet open the file (§140, 2026-09-22)

  • The editor no longer opens a console window beside itself on Windows. It is built for the GUI subsystem now, where a Rust binary is a console one by default and Windows hands every console binary a window whether it wants one or not. The log is unaffected; what goes is a terminal waiting for the editor it launched, so greycard-ui --version comes back after the prompt does. greycard, the command line, is unchanged (§137, 2026-09-22)

  • There is a Windows package, greycard-<version>-x86_64-windows.zip, beside the Linux and macOS tarballs: both binaries, Dawn and the two DXC libraries it loads by name, the five Visual C++ runtime libraries so a machine that has never carried a redistributable still starts, and the icon and version in the executables themselves. install.cmd puts it under %LOCALAPPDATA%\Programs\greycard with a Start menu entry and the command line on the Path; register.cmd gives .gcd its own document type and icon and offers greycard in Open with for every raw extension the browser reads, taking no default away; uninstall.cmd takes all of it back out. A .zip rather than a tarball, since Windows 10's Explorer opens one and does not open the other, and reproducible the same way the tarballs are (§137, 2026-09-22)

  • The Windows build runs. cargo fmt, cargo clippy --all-targets and all 697 tests are clean on x86_64-pc-windows-msvc; the editor comes up on a discrete NVIDIA card through Vulkan and develops a 45 MP Canon frame in 1.66 s with the CA correction and the sharpen both on the GPU; the log lands in %LOCALAPPDATA%\greycard\logs. The only thing above info in a first run is the storage-buffer limit BiRefNet already hits everywhere else (§137, 2026-09-22)

  • Choosing a frame no longer flashes a dark viewport before its camera preview, and a frame with no camera JPEG, a picture file, or a develop that fails keeps the last picture on screen instead of a dark window; the wait before the preview grows with the raw's size, which is why 90 MB Fujifilm and Sony files showed it and Canon files did not (§135, 2026-09-21)

  • Switching frames shows the new frame's camera JPEG at once, the way culling draws it, oriented as the develop will be, with a "camera preview" word and no edit overlays, and the developed picture replaces it when it lands; on a 45 MP raw the first picture comes in about 110 ms where nothing changed for 1.6 s. The worker is joined on the way out, so a close during an export finishes the file (§134, 2026-09-21)

  • The three-way Show is a filter on the whole meta: rating chips read as at-least or exactly, flag and label chips any-of within the row, words matched against the file name and the keywords, each chip counting the frames that carry it among what the other rows leave, in the grid header and the CULLING section; Ctrl+F or / reaches the field, Esc clears it; a change that hides the shown frame hands the selection to the nearest frame still shown (§133, 2026-09-21)

  • The Original crop aspect keeps a frame's own way up: an upright frame cropped to Original is upright, where before it went straight to landscape unless Portrait was ticked. A sidecar written before this reads under schema 4 and is brought across once the frame's shape is known, so what it rendered is what it still renders (§132, 2026-09-21)

  • A mask's lines and handles stay on the picture: the viewport is clipped, so a gradient's outline no longer draws over the navigator, snapshots, history or filmstrip, and a handle off the picture no longer takes their clicks (§132, 2026-09-21)

  • Under a filter, a rating, flag or label badge lands on the thumbnail it was set on rather than the one at that row number (§132, 2026-09-21)

  • Eighteen decisions moved out of the panel wiring into pure modules with their tests, three of them new (files, wheel, zoom); no pure module imports from the wiring any more (§132, 2026-09-21)

  • main.rs split into one module a panel section under panel/, each with its state-to-UI bridge, its callbacks and its tests, and the headless window helpers shared so any panel can drive its own callbacks; 11,008 lines down to 627, reviewed as a moved-line diff, no behavior change (§130, 2026-09-21)

  • A frame the camera got the wrong way up turns a quarter with [ and ], in culling, the loupe and the grid, with buttons in the CULLING section and under the Crop tab's rotations. The turn sits beside the edit in the sidecar on top of the camera's tag, so undo, presets and snapshots never touch it; the crop, every mask, every repair patch and every history state and snapshot turn with the picture, measured by the frame's own size; the camera's preview is redrawn through a matrix so a culling turn costs about a millisecond; tiff:Orientation is written to and read from the XMP sidecar composed with the camera's tag (§131, 2026-09-21)

  • A repair just drawn no longer stays selected, so the retouch Size, Feather and Opacity sliders and the wheel set the next stroke instead of resizing the last one; click a repair to select and change it, Esc or the empty picture to let it go (§129, 2026-09-21)

  • The profiled denoiser's non-local means run about 1.6x quicker on a synthetic frame and 2.3x on a photograph, with the output held to the reference within a few last bits: the per-pixel weight is arithmetic instead of a library call, the box sums walk rows, and the tiles write into the frame. A 45 MP develop with the hybrid denoise at six threads goes from 28.3 s to 22.6 s. §90's reading that the means scaled badly was wrong: they scale with cores; the base develop and the wavelets are the memory-bound ones (§128, 2026-09-20)

  • A look section: a 3D LUT from a .cube or HaldCLUT PNG in ~/.local/share/greycard/looks, applied after the tone curve in the table's own encoding with tetrahedral interpolation and a strength, the same in the viewport and the export; a LOOK panel section lists the tables found; three film presets shipped under honest names (Muted Slide, Warm Negative, Red-Filter Mono), built from the sliders and tested on what they render (§127, 2026-09-20)

  • The chromatic aberration correction runs on the GPU in the editor: the green interpolation, the per-tile votes, the resample and the color-shift guard as compute, the median, gate and polynomial fit on the CPU from a small readback, checked tile by tile against the reference; the op takes about 100 ms at 45 MP where it took 300, and every base develop is quicker by that. An export after a GPU develop remakes its base on the CPU reference, so the exported file is the reference's picture (§126, 2026-09-20)

  • Focus stacking in core and on the command line: greycard stack registers the frames neighbor to neighbor, weights each by its local sharpness and blends them through a Laplacian pyramid, then writes a linear DNG beside the sources with the reference frame's color tags and EXIF, or a TIFF; a frame that will not register is dropped and reported, never stacked wrong; about 0.6 s a frame at 24 MP (§125, 2026-09-20)

  • XMP sidecars for the meta: a frame's rating, label, keywords, title and caption are read from an IMG.xmp or IMG.CR3.xmp another tool wrote, taken once and again only when that file changes, never by comparing clocks; with xmp_sidecars on in settings (off by default) or --xmp-sidecars, they are written back into it with everything else in the file kept byte for byte; a reject is the Bridge and darktable rating of -1; opening a folder writes nothing into it (§124, 2026-09-20)

  • Culling from the camera's JPEG: C enters a loupe on the embedded preview through the monitor profile only, no develop; the arrows move with a dozen frames decoded ahead either side, a switch in under 15 ms; the rating keys work there; Space or a click shows 1:1 for focus; V compares two or four frames side by side; a filter shows picks or hides rejects in and out of the mode; Enter or any develop control develops the frame and the picture swaps to ours when it lands; Move rejects… puts the rejected frames and their sidecars in a rejects folder beside the shoot, never a delete (§123, 2026-09-20)

  • Camera profiles: a DCP file's matrix pair, forward matrices and hue/saturation/value map are read and applied after the camera matrix, so a body's own profile from Adobe or a maker renders its colors instead of the file's matrices alone; the choice lives in the edit as camera.profile, embedded by default, and a CAMERA PROFILE section lists the profiles in ~/.local/share/greycard/profiles that fit the camera; greycard develop --camera-profile on the command line. The look table and tone curve inside a DCP are kept for a later look line (§122, 2026-09-20)

  • The defringe acts on a hue, not on every color: a purple window and a green window, each a center, a width and an amount, gate the pass on the direction a pixel's chroma departs from its neighborhood's, so a red berry on a grey wall is left alone; defaults measured on fringed frames (purple 310, green 130, 120 wide); a dropper in the LENS panel centers the nearer window on a clicked fringe, with the pass switched off while it is in hand so the fringe shows; --defringe-all-hues on the command line is the old pass (§121, 2026-09-20)

  • On Linux a .gcd sidecar is a greycard edit file to the desktop: the tarball carries a shared-mime-info type and an icon for it, the installer registers them, and opening a sidecar from the file manager opens its raw with the edit (§120, 2026-09-20)

  • Registration in core: a pyramidal Lucas-Kanade fit of a translation, a similarity or an affine between two frames, exposure-invariant, sub-pixel to a thousandth on synthetic warps and 0.02 px on a real 45 MP frame, 150 ms at 24 MP; a residual that tells a failed fit from a good one; greycard register A B prints what it found. The piece the focus stack and the handheld HDR merge wait on (§119, 2026-09-20)

  • The sharpen runs on the GPU in the editor: a new greycard-gpu crate holds the capture sharpening as WGSL compute in the CPU reference's own tiles and order, checked against it to a millionth; a slider move reaches the frame in 55 ms at 24 MP and 100 ms at 45 MP where it took 330 and 580 ms. The export still develops on the CPU reference. A GPU error falls back to the CPU for the rest of the session; --cpu-ops turns the GPU ops off (§118, 2026-09-20)

  • A frame carries a rating, a pick or reject flag, a color label, keywords, a title and a caption in a meta section of its sidecar, beside the edit and never inside it, so undo, presets and snapshots leave them alone. In the browser and the loupe, 1 to 5 rate and 0 clears, P picks, X rejects, U unflags, 6 to 9 set red, yellow, green and blue and the same key again clears; a badge on the thumbnail shows what a frame carries. A sidecar whose meta this build cannot read costs that field and never the edit (§117, 2026-09-20)

  • The first Subject mask in a session takes about four seconds where it took eight to ten: the CPU provider skips its warm-up run, and a provider that failed to load or run a model is remembered in providers.json beside the model cache, keyed by the model file, the adapter and the build, so the WebGPU attempt that fails on BiRefNet is paid once and not every launch. Delete the file to probe afresh; the log names it (§116, 2026-09-20)

  • A press on a slider's handle no longer nudges the value: the handle is grabbed where it is and moves only once the pointer has travelled past a 4 px dead zone, then tracks the pointer at the grabbed offset; a press on the track still jumps, and a press on the label or the value text only takes focus, where it used to slam the value to an end of the range (§114, 2026-09-20)

  • Building from source written out for someone who has neither Rust nor a compiler: docs/building.md walks the libraries, rustup, the clone, the build and the run, with Debian, Fedora and Arch package lines and xcode-select --install for the Mac, and says the things that are not guessable — the Dawn symlink into ONNX Runtime's download cache, git being needed to build and not only to clone, and the two variables the #[ignore]d tests want before they mean anything (§113, 2026-09-20)

  • Logging done properly: every crate speaks through the log or tracing facade and each binary installs one subscriber. The editor's keeps greycard-ui.log at info and shows the terminal warnings, -v and -vv say more, RUST_LOG decides exactly; the file says the version and machine, the GPU and driver, the settings path, the display profile and where it came from, the model store and the lens database, then per picture what the decoder found (camera, size, mosaic, black and white levels), the lens matched, and one line per develop with the denoiser's provider and each stage's seconds. Silent fallbacks warn: a file with no white balance or color matrix, a provider that would not load, a cache or settings write that failed, a sidecar that would not parse. A panic in any thread lands in the file with its backtrace, and a panic in a worker job becomes the failed outcome the editor was waiting on instead of a spinner. The command line's -v shows what a develop found, which used to print unasked; its output is unchanged. Windows gets the same file. The stderr tee is gone (§112, 2026-09-20)

  • The editor keeps a log, greycard-ui.log under ~/Library/Logs/greycard on a Mac or ~/.local/state/greycard on Linux, the previous run kept as .1, so a tester with no terminal open still has something to attach; and a tester's guide for the Mac, docs/testing-on-a-mac.md, that walks the security dialog (§111, 2026-09-20)

  • A macOS release: the tarball rolled on a Mac holds greycard.app, both binaries and Dawn in the bundle with an icon and an ad-hoc signature, and sh install.sh puts it in ~/Applications, clears the download's quarantine mark that Gatekeeper would otherwise stop on, and links the command line into ~/.local/bin; package.sh rolls the same reproducible tarball with GNU tar or bsdtar, and the release workflow builds on ubuntu-24.04 and macos-15 and publishes both, with CI on both too (§110, 2026-09-20)

  • Native file dialogs where there is no portal: one request that the desktop portal answers on Linux and rfd answers everywhere else, built and awaited on the event loop's thread since AppKit wants its panels there, with the filters' globs taken apart into the extensions a native dialog matches on. zbus is a Linux dependency now and colord with it, so a Mac build carries no D-Bus stack and no failed bus at startup (§109, 2026-09-20)

  • The §90 develop table taken on an M-series Mac: a 24 MP base develop in 1.9 s where the estimate said 4 to 6, the learned denoiser's three tiers in 5.7, 8.7 and 16.8 s where the fast tier's estimate said 25, and the profiled denoiser the one op that would rather have the wide machine (§109, 2026-09-20)

  • The tree builds and runs on macOS: zbus names the async-io feature it had been getting on Linux alone, from Slint's tray crate through Cargo's feature unification, and the CLI's and the bench's rpath is @executable_path there like the UI's since §106. The window comes up on Metal and develops a 102 MP GFX 100S II RAF; colord finds no session bus and the output falls back to sRGB (§108, 2026-09-20)

  • The Contrast slider's neutral at the center of its track, as the other Light sliders' zeros are: a logarithmic track on the slider control, the value and the edit unchanged (§105, 2026-09-19)

  • Dehaze slider in the Detail section: the dark channel prior after darktable's haze removal, the transmission fitted on a quarter-size grid and closed with each pixel's own luminance, bounded by the pixel's own dark channel with the slider's end at a strength of 0.8 so no channel goes to zero, negative putting haze back, 0.04 s at 24 MP; Lightroom's Dehaze comes across; --dehaze and --dehaze-map on the CLI (§104, 2026-09-19)

  • Texture and Clarity sliders in the Detail section, clearly separate from sharpening: one local-contrast op from a guided filter on log luminance, Texture the fine band at a few pixels and Clarity the band between that and a radius of the long edge over forty, mid-tone weighted, faded at the clip, a gain on all three channels so hue holds, 0.13 s at 24 MP; a DETAIL section above a SHARPEN section; Lightroom's Texture and Clarity come across; --texture and --clarity on the CLI (§103, 2026-09-19)

  • The Fill retouch tool works but you can't see where you have drawn: the chosen patch's shape is outlined on the picture with its feather line inside, contoured from the stroke's coverage so a scribble is one ring; the status says when the fill model is at work, missing or failed, a missing model is offered, and a fetched one fills at once; a --patch flag for snapshots (§102, 2026-09-19)

  • Separate parametric curve from the usual flexible curve: a Parametric mode in CURVES with Highlights, Lights, Darks and Shadows and three draggable splits, baked ahead of the point curves so the viewport, the export and the masks read one table; Lightroom's seven parametric keys come across; a --panel-scroll flag for snapshots of a section below the fold (§101, 2026-09-19)

  • Can't read the defringe slider labels, they get cut off: Radius and Threshold under the Defringe toggle, as the sharpen names its own (§100, 2026-09-19)

  • Add resolution to metadata display: a third line under the shot, "5464 × 8192 · 45 MP", the developed picture's size as it is shown, so a JPEG reads the same way as a raw (§100, 2026-09-19)

  • Slint 1.18 and wgpu 30: the viewport's render module on the new major, one real API break applied, the export and the 1:1 screenshot identical to 1.17's; the filmstrip's viewport-* names to content-* (§91, 2026-09-19)

  • Need to be able to scroll through the filmstrip: wheel, drag, the selection kept in view, the visible frames' thumbnails made first (§89, 2026-09-19)

  • Zoomable grid view of all photos, accessible with keybind G: a contact sheet over the window, cells from 96 to 512 px on Ctrl+wheel or +/-, arrows in two dimensions, Return, Escape, G or a double click back to the loupe, thumbnails rendered for the visible rows at up to 360 px (§96, 2026-09-19)

  • The Tint tool needs a more precise way of choosing the hue: a hue ring in the section sharing the grading wheels' picture and press arithmetic, angle for hue and radius for amount, the Hue slider in tenths of a degree (§95, 2026-09-19)

  • The highlights slider does not reach far enough towards the mid-tones: its ramp starts a stop under mid grey instead of at it, so a region a stop over grey takes six tenths of the slider where it took a third; highlights, shadows and whites run ±2 EV instead of ±1.5 and ±1, the shadows ramp half a stop wider to keep the curve monotonic (§98, 2026-09-19)

  • Ability to dial in the strength of the B&W color filters: a strength on the section, 0 to 3, today's look at one, on the CPU and in the shader alike; the shaders parsed and validated in the test suite (§87; §94, 2026-09-19)

  • Enabling the B&W tool should disable the color mixer: the picture's mixer stands down while the conversion is on, its settings kept, the section drawn superseded (§94, 2026-09-19)

  • Clear display with shot metadata: camera, lens, focal length, aperture, shutter and ISO under the file name, the same words from the CLI's info; ISO and shutter join Shot in core (§93, 2026-09-19)

  • --sharpen on a JPEG, PNG or TIFF does nothing in the CLI, since run_develop_picture takes no develop settings; the editor sharpens a picture when the section is on. --exposure on a picture's preview and --ai-denoise on a picture were silently dropped the same way (§88; fixed §92, 2026-09-19)

  • Open Folder says "the desktop offered no file chooser" when clicked: an empty filter sent to the portal (§88, 2026-09-19)

  • The CLI sharpens inside develop's finish, before the lens correction; the worker sharpens after it. With a profile that moves pixels and the sharpen on, the CLI and the editor do not make the same file (§74; moved behind the lens, §88, 2026-09-19)

  • The editor opens a blank window for a path that is not there: list_files checks the extension, not the file (§88, 2026-09-19)

  • --snapshot, --screenshot and --export hang forever when the first file will not develop: they wait on an image, and a failed open only sets the status text. Print the message, exit non-zero; a file that cannot be written fails the run too (§88, 2026-09-19)

  • A failed folder chooser reaches the user only on stderr; the window should say so in its status (§88, 2026-09-19)

  • An X-Trans frame is refused with a {:?} of the CFA pattern; say the mosaic is not supported yet, in words, and at the door rather than after preparing the frame (§88, 2026-09-19)

  • greycard models [--fetch TIER|all] beside lenses, so a headless machine can get the denoiser weights and the mask models with their licenses shown (§88, 2026-09-19)

  • The editor has no --version, and its help calls it a spike (§88, 2026-09-19)

  • The README's install section, source build, run-time needs and how to report a bug; an issue form (§88, 2026-09-19)

  • CD: a v* tag builds the tarball with the Dawn library, the desktop entry, the icon and an installer, and attaches it to a GitHub pre-release (§88, 2026-09-19). Untested until the first tag

  • In general the Light sliders (highlights, shadows, whites, not blacks) are a bit too limited I think. Like the whites really only affect the very, very top of the histogram. Highlights don't seem to do nearly enough to recover a photo with a lot of DR. Actully, the shadows adjustment might be about right? Whites do basically nothing. (Highlights and shadows by region through a guided plane, whites a white point pivoted at mid grey, the monotonic guard back: §85, 2026-09-19)

    • A valid alternative could be implementing Dynamic Range Compression

  • Need to be able to add a color (HSV?) to the mask area: a Tint, hue and amount, on any look and so on a mask (§83, 2026-09-19)

  • Need to be able to toggle off individual masks: a switch on every shape in a mask's list (§81, 2026-09-19)

  • Strong black-and-white support, not just desaturate: a BLACK & WHITE section, eight band weights and the classic filters, on both paths (§77, 2026-09-18)

  • The dual demosaic's VNG4 cannot be skipped, its blend weight is nowhere zero on a real frame, but its gradients, its green planes and the mask's blur are cheaper, bit for bit: the dual demosaic 895 to 625 ms at 45 MP (§76, 2026-09-18)

  • Perspective: a guided tool, two strokes along lines that should be vertical giving the tilt and the turn, or two horizontals for the horizontal keystone; the Crop tab in CROP, ROTATE and PERSPECTIVE sections (§49, §75, 2026-09-18)

  • Perspective adjustments need to have their own subsection, it's not immediately clear what they are without dragging them (2026-09-18)

  • Defringe: axial chromatic aberration and purple fringing, a different tool from the lateral correction; RawTherapee's, in Oklab, after the lens correction (§13, §61, §74, 2026-09-18)

  • The sharpen's tiles widened to 128 with the early stop kept at the old 32-pixel grain: 72% border overhead to 16%, a 45 MP sharpen 590 to 435 ms and a sharpen slider 0.65 to 0.50 s (§73, 2026-09-18)

  • The denoiser's weights published to the registry's Hugging Face address, so the tiers work off a fresh install (§70, 2026-09-18)

  • The grain's tonal weighting revisited: it sits in the shadows and is absent in a sky, where film grain shows most (§61; §69, 2026-09-18)

  • Warning/dialog when an export will overwrite a file. Add option to increment name, overwrite, skip (§68, 2026-09-18)

  • The learned denoiser's default blend lower at base ISO, or from the measured noise: "best" at full takes fabric weave and surface texture off an ISO 100 frame (§61; from the ISO, §67, 2026-09-18)

  • There should be an option to change the canvas color from black to different greys (§66, 2026-09-18)

  • Main app interface to choose folder to open (§65, 2026-09-18)

  • editor should jump to last open photo on launch (§65, 2026-09-18)

  • Space bar and Z keys don't zoom, only clicking does. Space should zoom 1x, Z for 3x (§64, 2026-09-18)

  • Clicking off the canvas shouldn't zoom, it should no-op (§64, 2026-09-18)

  • We should show the zoom amount in the interface (§64, 2026-09-18)

  • Key combo for exporting, maybe ctrl+shift+e (§64, 2026-09-18)

  • Possible to have an actual dropper for a cursor when using a picker? (drawn at the pointer, §64, 2026-09-18)

  • The mixer weighted by chroma, its hue and weight read from a local mean of a and b: near-grey noise reads as random hue and a band's luminance lift prints it as speckle (§61, §63, 2026-09-18)

  • Desperately need global saturation and vibrance sliders (§60, 2026-09-18)

  • The monitor's profile from the panel: colord's for a chosen monitor, sRGB, Adobe RGB, Display P3, or a file (§59, 2026-09-18)

  • General speedup in the editor: the sharpen's tile blur, the CA correction's color-shift guard, the noise estimate and the float-to-half conversion; a 45 MP develop from 3.4 s to 2.0 s (§56, 2026-09-18)

  • White balance (temp and tint sliders) should have color gradients showing which way is which (2026-09-18)

  • Need more range on the Vignette amount, more than 2EV (five stops, 2026-09-18)

  • The crop frame stuck against an edge; the Object tool drew no boxes or picks; a long adjustment name pushed the panel's content out; "Show mask" was forced on while a tool was in hand; no gamut warning proofing sRGB from an sRGB output; the view snapped to the center after a develop with a crop; a hover over a history row with another crop bounced the panel (§62, 2026-09-18)

  • An object mask with two or more boxes, or boxes and clicks, got no mask: the decoder answers one mask a box in a single call. Each box is now its own call, with the clicks inside it, and the masks are joined (§58, 2026-09-18)

  • Choosing another file from the strip put the new file's look over the old picture until the develop landed; the viewport now holds the old picture under its own look until the new one arrives (§57, 2026-09-18)

  • Droppers: Neutral in WHITE BALANCE reads a temperature and tint off a click; Pick in CURVES puts a point at the tone under the pointer and drags it; Pick in COLOR MIXER chooses the band under the pointer and drags its saturation and hue (§55, 2026-09-17)

  • The navigator's rectangle missing after a zoom by key or click: a conditional element under the clip's rounded corners, which the renderer's cached layer never saw appear (§54, 2026-09-17)

  • Edit history in the left panel: every step named for what it changed, a click to make it current, a hover to see it; and snapshots, whole states kept by name in the sidecar, restored as a step (§53, 2026-09-17)

  • Presets: named parts of an edit as .gcp files under the config dir, a PRESETS section to apply, save and import them, a Lightroom .xmp import with the sections it can map, and greycard presets to list, import and apply in batch (§52, 2026-09-17)

  • What an export says about itself: an XMP packet with the source's name, what the sheet asked for and the whole edit, and OriginalRawFileName in the EXIF (§51, 2026-09-17)

  • JPEG, PNG and TIFF open in the editor and the CLI, through their embedded matrix/TRC profile or as sRGB, with their EXIF and lens profile; the raw-only sections say so (§50, 2026-09-17)

  • Perspective: vertical and horizontal keystone as the camera's tilt, a homography in the geometry stage on both paths (§49, 2026-09-17)

  • The panel's sections fold on their headers, remembered between runs; each with an effect has a switch on its header that undoes it in the picture and keeps its settings; the edit schema is version 2 for the NOISE section's own switch (§48, 2026-09-15)

  • The sharpen's mask in the viewport: Show mask in DETAIL paints the blend red where the sharpen acts; --sharpen-mask for a screenshot (§47, 2026-09-15)

  • Custom export resolution: a typed long edge on the sheet with the size it gives, kept in the settings; --long-edge beside --export (§46, 2026-09-15)

  • Manual chromatic aberration: red and blue radius scales in the LENS section and on the CLI, folded into the profile's model so the picture is resampled once (§45, 2026-09-15)

  • Navigator, in a new left panel: the frame with the view's rectangle, click or drag to move; --snapshot writes the whole window (§44, 2026-09-15)

  • Output sharpening for downsized exports: the capture sharpening's deconvolution after the resize, Off, Low, Standard and High on the sheet (§43, 2026-09-15)

  • Soft proofing: a profile (the export's spaces, or a file) with an intent and a gamut warning, S to toggle; the viewport and the display table in the export sheet's space (§42, 2026-09-15)

  • Clipping: marks at the histogram's corners lit by the channels that clip, each a toggle for its warning over the picture, J for both; kept in the settings (§41, 2026-09-15)

  • EXIF in exports: the source's tags carried into JPEG, PNG and TIFF, the size, orientation, software and time the export's own; the 16-bit TIFF written whole, LZW under the predictor (§40, 2026-09-14)

  • Lens corrections: distortion, chromatic aberration and vignetting from the lensfun database, fetched on first use, matched from the file's tags, interpolated to the shot; a manual distortion and the scale beside them; greycard lenses and --lens in the CLI (§39, 2026-09-14)

  • CI: fmt, clippy and the tests on every push (§40, 2026-09-14); green on its first run, 2026-09-15

  • The learned denoiser's answers kept as linear DNGs under the cache dir, keyed by what the network saw, 8 GB budget (§37, 2026-09-14)

  • The Denoiser's default tile down to 1024 and a plausibility check on every tile's answer, since the WebGPU provider returns garbage, not an error, when VRAM runs out on the integrated GPU (§37)

  • Scopes: waveform, RGB parade and a vectorscope with the skin-tone line, off the histogram's compute pass (§38, 2026-09-08)

  • Settings file: the export sheet's choices and the scope, kept between runs (§38, 2026-09-08)

  • The mixer's hue slider shows which color each way goes to (§38, 2026-09-08)

  • Pre-push hook in hooks/: fmt, clippy and the tests (§38, 2026-09-08)

  • The eraser: Fill patches made up by LaMa, beside heal and clone (§36, 2026-09-07)

  • Retouch: heal and clone spots and strokes, sources chosen by the engine, pins to move them (§36, 2026-09-07)

  • Learned rasters cached as PNGs under the cache dir, keyed by file, model and shape (§34, 2026-09-07)

  • Orientation from the EXIF tag: portrait frames develop upright (rawler leaves it Normal) (§35, 2026-09-07)

  • Filmstrip from the camera's preview JPEG, turned as the develop is; 40 to 110 ms a file (§35, 2026-09-07)

  • Filmstrip pictures follow their files' turns and mirrors; a subject found shows its mask at once (2026-09-07)

  • greycard-ai: ort runtime with providers tried in order, model registry with hashes and licenses, store fetching on first use (§34, 2026-09-07)

  • AI masks: Subject (BiRefNet) and Object by click, right-click or box (SAM 2.1), guided-filter refined into the brush raster on both paths, model sheet before a download (§34, 2026-09-07)

  • Grain: scattered crystals from a hash, cubic or tabular, in frame units, on the encoded output, the same on both paths (§33, 2026-09-07)

  • Vignette: amount in stops, midpoint, feather, roundness, over the frame as shown (§32, 2026-09-07)

  • Quarter turns and mirrors, in the geometry, exact on both paths (§31, 2026-09-07)

  • Masking: brushes that add, subtract or erase, with feather and flow, sized by the wheel, joined with the gradients; strokes in the sidecar, one raster on both paths (§30, 2026-09-07)

  • Masking: handles to move, reshape and turn a placed gradient (§29, 2026-09-07)

  • Zoom keys: space to 1:1 and back to fit, Z to 3:1; a click without a drag zooms to 1:1 there, another fits (2026-09-07)

  • Mask infrastructure: local adjustments carrying a whole look (curves and mixer included), linear and radial gradients placed by drag, added, subtracted or intersected, named, blended in parameter space on both paths (§27, 2026-09-07)

  • Color grading: shadows, mid-tones and highlights wheels with balance, into the curves' color table (§26, 2026-09-07)

  • Color curves against lightness, R/G and B/Y, in Oklab, beside the point curves (§25, 2026-09-07)

  • Straighten and crop: angle, level tool, aspect presets with 65:24 and custom, portrait toggle (§24, 2026-09-06)

  • Color mixer: hue, saturation and luminance by band, in Oklab (§23, 2026-09-06)

  • Point curves: a master curve and one per channel, drawn on the histogram; the sliders of §19 are the parametric curve (§22, 2026-09-06)

  • Capture sharpening, RawTherapee's, with the worker's first cached stage (§21, 2026-09-06)

  • Export sheet: format, quality, size, color space, profile, the desktop's file chooser (§20)

  • Tone sliders: highlights, shadows, whites, blacks (§19)

  • Edit schema and sidecars (§16), display color management (§17), export with the CPU reference (§18)

  • Design tokens and the control set, first pass (§14)

  • Toolkit: Slint; the egui spike is not needed (§14)

  • Create a repo remote

  • AI denoise: our own raw-domain UNet trained on the §13 noise model (the profiled denoiser stays the path with no model). Data, network, training, Denoiser, CLI and bench (§37); three tiers beat the hybrid in every cell of the bench, base ISO included: v19 (1.2 M, 2.4 s per 24 MP develop), v15 (2.3 M, 3.3 s), v20 (5.3 M, 4.2 s), and hold on Sony, Panasonic and Nikon frames they never trained on. In the editor since 2026-09-14: the NOISE panel's tier and blend, the registry entries, the CLI's tier names; the answers cached as linear DNGs since the same day; the weights published at the registry's Hugging Face address (§70, 2026-09-18)